Understanding the Mill Colonnade Architecture

Josef Zítek designed this massive structure between 1871 and 1881. He was the same architect who built the National Theatre in Prague. The style is strictly Neoclassical, featuring clean lines and grand proportions. It was originally intended to have two floors, but the city lacked funds. Even with one floor, it is the largest colonnade in the city. The structure is part of the UNESCO World Heritage listing for the Great Spa Towns of Europe.

The design features 124 Corinthian columns that support the heavy roof. These pillars create a rhythmic pattern along the 132-meter promenade. Walking through the colonnade feels like stepping back into the 19th century. The stone used is high-quality and has survived many decades of humid spa air. This durability is a testament to Zítek's careful material selection. It serves as a beautiful backdrop for the famous Mill Colonnade mineral springs found inside.

10 Highlights of the Mill Colonnade Guide

This list highlights the best architectural and historical features of the site. Use these details to plan your walking tour. Most of these items are free to visit throughout the year. The colonnade is open 24 hours a day for public access. Here are the top ten things to see and do.

1. Name: The Corinthian Columns Type: Architecture Why go: There are 124 massive stone pillars to admire. Best for: Photography lovers. Where: Throughout the main promenade. Time: 15 minutes. Cost: Free. Getting there: Walk from the city center. Tip: Look closely at the ornate capitals on top.
2. Name: The Mill Spring Type: Mineral Spring Why go: It is the oldest and most famous spring here. Best for: Traditional spa experiences. Where: Northern end of the colonnade. Time: 5 minutes. Cost: Free. Getting there: Main walkway. Tip: This spring was once used for bathing.
3. Name: Allegorical Statues Type: Art Why go: Twelve statues on the roof represent the months. Best for: History buffs. Where: On the roof balustrade. Time: 10 minutes. Cost: Free. Getting there: View from the street level. Tip: Bring binoculars to see the details.
4. Name: The Orchestra Pit Type: Culture Why go: Live spa orchestras perform here regularly. Best for: Music fans. Where: Central section of the hall. Time: 30 minutes. Cost: Free. Getting there: Middle of the colonnade. Tip: Check the local schedule for afternoon concerts.
5. Name: Rusalka Spring Type: Mineral Spring Why go: It is named after a famous water nymph. Best for: Tasting the local water. Where: Middle area. Time: 5 minutes. Cost: Free. Getting there: Follow the internal signs. Tip: This spring has a very mild taste.
6. Name: Prince Wenceslas Spring Type: Mineral Spring Why go: It features two separate taps with different temperatures. Best for: Comparing mineral levels. Where: Near the central staircase. Time: 10 minutes. Cost: Free. Getting there: Accessible via the main floor. Tip: Be careful as the water can be hot.
7. Name: Libuše Spring Type: Mineral Spring Why go: It is named after the mythical founder of Prague. Best for: Local folklore fans. Where: Southern part of the building. Time: 5 minutes. Cost: Free. Getting there: Short walk from the Mill Spring. Tip: Read the plaque nearby for the history.
8. Name: Rock Spring Type: Mineral Spring Why go: It was originally located in the river bed. Best for: Geology enthusiasts. Where: Far southern end. Time: 5 minutes. Cost: Free. Getting there: End of the promenade. Tip: This is one of the cooler springs.
9. Name: The Zítek Memorial Type: History Why go: A bronze plaque honors the famous architect. Best for: Architectural context. Where: Near the main entrance. Time: 5 minutes. Cost: Free. Getting there: Street-side entrance. Tip: It is a great spot to start your tour.
10. Name: Vřídlo Hot Spring Type: Nearby sight Why go: It is the city's most powerful geyser. Best for: Seeing nature's power. Where: 5-minute walk south. Time: 20 minutes. Cost: Free. Getting there: Walk along the Teplá River. Tip: Visit the Vřídlo Hot Spring Colonnade to compare designs.

Planning Your Visit to Karlovy Vary in 2026

Visiting the Mill Colonnade is easy and rewarding. Most tourists arrive by train at the Karlovy Vary railway station. From there, a short bus ride or walk leads to the spa zone. You should plan to spend at least one hour exploring the architecture. Early morning is the best time for photos without large crowds. The light hits the stone pillars beautifully during sunrise.

When drinking from the springs, follow the local etiquette. You should use a traditional porcelain spa cup with a spout. Avoid using plastic bottles as they can affect the water quality. You can find more details on drinking mineral water rules and cups online. Always sip the water slowly while walking around the colonnade. This movement is said to help with the digestion of the minerals.